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| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/examples.md | 157 |
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diff --git a/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/compatibility.md b/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/compatibility.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4f27e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/compatibility.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +#Cross-Backend Compatibility + +The value of `libkv` is not to duplicate the code for programs that should support multiple distributed K/V stores like the classic `Consul`/`etcd`/`zookeeper` trio. + +This document provides with general guidelines for users willing to support those backends with the same code using `libkv`. + +Please note that most of those workarounds are going to disappear in the future with `etcd` APIv3. + +##Etcd directory/key distinction + +`etcd` with APIv2 makes the distinction between keys and directories. The result with `libkv` is that when using the etcd driver: + +- You cannot store values on directories +- You cannot invoke `WatchTree` (watching on child values), on a regular key + +This is fundamentaly different than `Consul` and `zookeeper` which are more permissive and allow the same set of operations on keys and directories (called a Node for zookeeper). + +Apiv3 is in the work for `etcd`, which removes this key/directory distinction, but until then you should follow these workarounds to make your `libkv` code work across backends. + +###Put + +`etcd` cannot put values on directories, so this puts a major restriction compared to `Consul` and `zookeeper`. + +If you want to support all those three backends, you should make sure to only put data on **leaves**. + +For example: + +```go +_ := kv.Put("path/to/key/bis", []byte("foo"), nil) +_ := kv.Put("path/to/key", []byte("bar"), nil) +``` + +Will work on `Consul` and `zookeeper` but fail for `etcd`. This is because the first `Put` in the case of `etcd` will recursively create the directory hierarchy and `path/to/key` is now considered as a directory. Thus, values should always be stored on leaves if the support for the three backends is planned. + +###WatchTree + +When initializing the `WatchTree`, the natural way to do so is through the following code: + +```go +key := "path/to/key" +if !kv.Exists(key) { + err := kv.Put(key, []byte("data"), nil) +} +events, err := kv.WatchTree(key, nil) +``` + +The code above will not work across backends and etcd will fail on the `WatchTree` call. What happens exactly: + +- `Consul` will create a regular `key` because it has no distinction between directories and keys. This is not an issue as we can invoke `WatchTree` on regular keys. +- `zookeeper` is going to create a `node` that can either be a directory or a key during the lifetime of a program but it does not matter as a directory can hold values and be watchable like a regular key. +- `etcd` is going to create a regular `key`. We cannot invoke `WatchTree` on regular keys using etcd. + +To be cross-compatible between those three backends for `WatchTree`, we need to enforce a parameter that is only interpreted with `etcd` and which tells the client to create a `directory` instead of a key. + +```go +key := "path/to/key" +if !kv.Exists(key) { + // We enforce IsDir = true to make sure etcd creates a directory + err := kv.Put(key, []byte("data"), &store.WriteOptions{IsDir:true}) +} +events, err := kv.WatchTree(key, nil) +``` + +The code above will work for the three backends but make sure to not try to store any value at that path as the call to `Put` will fail for `etcd` (you can only put at `path/to/key/foo`, `path/to/key/bar` for example). + +##Etcd distributed locking + +There is `Lock` mechanisms baked in the `coreos/etcd/client` for now. Instead, `libkv` has its own implementation of a `Lock` on top of `etcd`. + +The general workflow for the `Lock` is as follows: + +- Call Lock concurrently on a `key` between threads/programs +- Only one will create that key, others are going to fail because the key has already been created +- The thread locking the key can get the right index to set the value of the key using Compare And Swap and effectively Lock and hold the key +- Other threads are given a wrong index to fail the Compare and Swap and block until the key has been released by the thread holding the Lock +- Lock seekers are setting up a Watch listening on that key and events happening on the key +- When the thread/program stops holding the lock, it deletes the key triggering a `delete` event that will notify all the other threads. In case the program crashes, the key has a TTL attached that will send an `expire` event when this TTL expires. +- Once everyone is notified, back to the first step. First come, first served with the Lock. + +The whole Lock process is highly dependent on the `delete`/`expire` events of `etcd`. So don't expect the key to be still there once the Lock is released. + +For example if the whole logic is to `Lock` a key and expect the value to still be there after it has been unlocked, it is not going to be cross-backend compatible with `Consul` and `zookeeper`. On the other end the `etcd` Lock can still be used to do Leader Election for example and still be cross-compatible with other backends.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/examples.md b/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/examples.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09752db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/github.com/docker/libkv/docs/examples.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +#Examples + +This document contains useful example of usage for `libkv`. It might not be complete but provides with general informations on how to use the client. + +##Create a store and use Put/Get/Delete + +```go +package main + +import ( + "fmt" + "time" + "log" + + "github.com/docker/libkv" + "github.com/docker/libkv/store" + "github.com/docker/libkv/store/consul" +) + +func init() { + // Register consul store to libkv + consul.Register() + + // We can register as many backends that are supported by libkv + etcd.Register() + zookeeper.Register() + boltdb.Register() +} + +func main() { + client := "localhost:8500" + + // Initialize a new store with consul + kv, err := libkv.NewStore( + store.CONSUL, // or "consul" + []string{client}, + &store.Config{ + ConnectionTimeout: 10*time.Second, + }, + ) + if err != nil { + log.Fatal("Cannot create store consul") + } + + key := "foo" + err = kv.Put(key, []byte("bar"), nil) + if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("Error trying to put value at key: %v", key) + } + + pair, err := kv.Get(key) + if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("Error trying accessing value at key: %v", key) + } + + err = kv.Delete(key) + if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("Error trying to delete key %v", key) + } + + log.Info("value: ", string(pair.Value)) +} +``` + +##List keys + +```go +// List will list all the keys under `key` if it contains a set of child keys/values +entries, err := kv.List(key) +for _, pair := range entries { + fmt.Printf("key=%v - value=%v", pair.Key, string(pair.Value)) +} + +``` + +##Watching for events on a single key (Watch) + +You can use watches to watch modifications on a key. First you need to check if the key exists. If this is not the case, we need to create it using the `Put` function. + +```go +// Checking on the key before watching +if !kv.Exists(key) { + err := kv.Put(key, []byte("bar"), nil) + if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("Something went wrong when initializing key %v", key) + } +} + +stopCh := make(<-chan struct{}) +events, err := kv.Watch(key, stopCh) + +select { + case pair := <-events: + // Do something with events + fmt.Printf("value changed on key %v: new value=%v", key, pair.Value) +} + +``` + +##Watching for events happening on child keys (WatchTree) + +You can use watches to watch modifications on a key. First you need to check if the key exists. If this is not the case, we need to create it using the `Put` function. There is a special step here though if you want your code to work across backends. Because `etcd` is a special case and it makes the distinction between directories and keys, we need to make sure that the created key is considered as a directory by enforcing `IsDir` at `true`. + +```go +// Checking on the key before watching +if !kv.Exists(key) { + // Don't forget IsDir:true if the code is used cross-backend + err := kv.Put(key, []byte("bar"), &store.WriteOptions{IsDir:true}) + if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("Something went wrong when initializing key %v", key) + } +} + +stopCh := make(<-chan struct{}) +events, err := kv.WatchTree(key, stopCh) + +select { + case pairs := <-events: + // Do something with events + for _, pair := range pairs { + fmt.Printf("value changed on key %v: new value=%v", key, pair.Value) + } +} + +``` + +## Distributed Locking, using Lock/Unlock + +```go +key := "lockKey" +value := []byte("bar") + +// Initialize a distributed lock. TTL is optional, it is here to make sure that +// the lock is released after the program that is holding the lock ends or crashes +lock, err := kv.NewLock(key, &store.LockOptions{Value: value, TTL: 2 * time.Second}) +if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("something went wrong when trying to initialize the Lock") +} + +// Try to lock the key, the call to Lock() is blocking +_, err := lock.Lock(nil) +if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("something went wrong when trying to lock key %v", key) +} + +// Get should work because we are holding the key +pair, err := kv.Get(key) +if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("key %v has value %v", key, pair.Value) +} + +// Unlock the key +err = lock.Unlock() +if err != nil { + fmt.Errorf("something went wrong when trying to unlock key %v", key) +} +```
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